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Typical examples are activated sludge process (ASP), trickling filters (TF), oxidation ponds, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), and sequencing batch reactor (SBR).įor anaerobic treatment systems to be efficient, it has to be fed with low strength wastewater, where typical chemical oxygen demand values are less than 1000 mg/L (Mrowiec and Suschka, 2010). Both aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems have been tested at the industrial scale for treating medium and high strength wastewater.

Water quality (municipal and industrial) is generally estimated by measuring different physico-chemical and biological parameters viz., as, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic content (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TDS), etc, among others, depending on the wastewater composition and characteristics (Mullai et al., 2011). Effluents from industrial unit operations (example: distillery effluents from sugar cane industry) are often characterized by high organic content, nutrients in the form of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, that can pose a significacnt threat to the environment, if discharged untreated (Turkdogan-Aydinol and Yetilmezsoy, 2010). Rapid urbanization and the emergence of new manufacturing industries have not only contributed to the decline in environmental quality, but have also deteriorated water quality leading to severe water pollution.